A Complete Guide to College Graduation Announcements

A Complete Guide to College Graduation Announcements School graduation declarations can appear to be so simpleâ but additionally be so convoluted. Furthermore, obviously, while youre attempting to make sense of the intricate details of the declarations, you despite everything need to concentrate on completing your classes and getting ready for life after school. Utilize this manual for help you through the arranging, sorting out, and sending of graduation declarations. The Logistics Planning the coordinations behind declarations can be a genuine agony in the mind. With a little assistance, nonetheless, it can likewise be dealt with a couple of brisk advances. The Why: 8 Reasons to Send Graduation AnnouncementsThe Who: To Whom Should I Send My Graduation Announcements?The Where and How: Where to Get Graduation AnnouncementsThe When: When to Mail Your Graduation Announcements The What: The Announcements Themselves Wording declarations can appear to be so natural. That is,â of course, until you really plunk down and attempt to keep in touch with them. To kick you off, underneath are an assortment of declaration styles you can utilize or change a piece to make your own, customized graduation declaration. Regardless of which sort of declaration you send, the accompanying data is essential: Your nameThe school or universityThe degree you earned (e.g., B.A. in Political Science)The initiation function (or gathering) date and timeThe area of the service or gathering Do you truly need to welcome individuals? In contrast to secondary school graduation, not every person will go to the beginning service or anticipate a gathering. It is normal for school graduates to skirt the date and area data and utilize their declarations as, simply that, a declaration of your accomplishment. Declarations with Formal, Traditional Language Generally, a school graduation declaration utilizes formal language, for example, The President, Faculty, and Graduating Class... in the initial lines before giving the subtleties in similarly formal terms. Illuminating the dates and keeping away from shortenings for degrees are only a portion of the highlights youll find in formal declarations. In the event that you might want to stay with custom, here are two guides to investigate: Formal Announcement Sample #1Formal Announcement Sample #2 Easygoing and Informal Announcements Possibly youre even more an easygoing alumni who needs to drop all convention and appreciate the festival. Assuming this is the case, there are unlimited approaches to start your declaration and you can have a great time as you like. Here are a couple of models and dont neglect to incorporate the subtleties. Training, Dedication, Jubilation, Graduation!Call the neighbors around, Raise a glass of Chablis,[Tasha] has earned [her] school degree![Shes] Graduating! Declarations Mentioning Family or Friends One more way to deal with the declaration is to incorporate the help of your loved ones. This is a pleasant route for the individuals who care about you most and helped you through school to recognize how glad they are of you. Companions/Family Announcement Sample #1Friends/Family Announcement Sample #2 Declarations with a Religious Theme Regardless of whether you are moving on from a religious school or basically would like to recognize how your confidence helped you in this extraordinary accomplishment, including a moving refrain is a good thought. It additionally doesnt matter which religion you follow, theres motivation in every one of them. Search for a stanza or engraving that relates to learning and information and statement this at the highest point of your declaration. Once more, dont overlook the subtleties! Religious Announcement Sample

KAFKA, HAWTHORNE, AND COETZEE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

KAFKA, HAWTHORNE, AND COETZEE - Essay Example The hero of Kafka's The Trial, Josef K, and the hero of Coetzee's book share a ton in like manner, regardless of whether the last book is more political than anything by Kafka. These issues, and the full intensity of Kafka's The Trial, will be investigated in this paper. Many may propose that Kafka's work has no fore-bearers and that it showed up full fledged. There is sense in this proposal. The period and spot wherein his books and stories were composed were generally novel. The First World War had wrecked numerous innocent convictions about the world and the fast industrialization of the cutting edge world was making troublesome conditions for some individuals. World War II and the decimation of European Jewry snuck not too far off. The feeling of fear in Kafka's work appeared here and there to have the influence of a psychic. It is really alarming. It is as though Kafka realized what was anticipating the world. On the off chance that he had lived, he also may have died in the Hol ocaust. By and by, there were works of writing before Kafka that in someways recommend his work. One of these is Nathaniel Hawthorne's the Scarlet Letter. In this celebrated novel, Hester Prynne is marked with a scarlett An, in the wake of submitting infidelity. She is shunned from her locale and declines to openly distinguish the dad of the youngster that is then misguidedly conceived. The people group has betrayed her. She is expelled from the network by the power of the foundations that ensure open ethics. This is like Kafka's The Trial, yet the most significant qualification to be made, be that as it may, is the thing that every creator's genuine subject is. Hawthorne's objective is society's bad faith and its ability to exclude basically great individuals. In any case, anyway much we may disdain the techniques for the town individuals and their treatment of Hester Prynne, we by the by perceive their brutality and pietism as profoundly human. We know about the human false reverence which these individuals speak to. Also, we may even comprehend that infidelity would be a major issue in an unassuming community in New England during that period. The treatment of Hester might be over the top, however maybe she deserved a type of blame. Kafka's work, in any case, is altogether different. There is little to be comprehended about the powers showed against his different heroes. These powers are not so much human, they appear to not be living. In the Trial, Josef K. is blamed for a vague wrong doing which he didn't submit. In spite of the fact that the establishment that attempts him gives off an impression of being human, plainly it is rather a tremendous machine at work, gradually trying to pound him. There can be no intrigue to energy or mankind, as in the Scarlet Letter. Josef K. is caught by powers that don't feel. From the start, he feels like on the off chance that he just accounts for himself to the court they will comprehend: â€Å"He had regularly pondered whether it probably won't be a smart thought to work out a composed guard and hand it in to the court. It would contain a short depiction of his life and clarify why he had acted the manner in which he had at every occasion that was in any capacity significant, regardless of whether he presently considered he had acted well or sick, and his explanations behind each. There was no uncertainty of the focal points a composed safeguard of this sort would have over depending on the legal advisor, who was in any cas e without his

How to Write About Your Summer Internship in a College Essay

How to Write About Your Summer Internship in a College Essay 4 Ways to Turn Your Summer Internship into an Amazing College Essay 4 Ways to Turn Your Summer Internship into an Amazing College Essay So, you got a summer internship? Well, we  have good news and bad news. We’ll start with the bad news. You have to work all summer. This is really going to take time away from  all of the college essay writing you planned to do this summer (but what are lunch breaks, evenings and weekends for, right?). The good news is that internships are nothing like what you may see in movies. No, you probably won’t be spending hours a day making photocopies and coffee for your superiors. Instead, you’ll be getting real-world experience in a field that you may potentially choose to go into one day, and if you pay attention, you could also end up with the perfect college essay topic. In order to make the most of your internship, it’s important to observe everything going on around you. If you’re like most humans, you won’t remember all of that valuable information unless you make a conscious effort to record it. So, keep a notebook (or notebook app) with you at all times. Just in case you don’t know what to focus on, we put together this guide to show you how to take your notes to the next level. 1. Keep Track of Your Responsibilities You will likely know the basic expectations for your internship before you even begin, but what you’ll realize when you arrive is that your responsibilities grow and change over time as you become more confident and your superiors come to trust your ability to do good work. So make sure to note how your work changes from week to week (or even day to day) and any new skills you acquire as you go. What can you do during week three of your internship that you couldn’t do during week one? What do you know now? Do you take on any additional special projects or tasks? Tracking your growth over the course of your internship is the perfect first step to formulating a compelling and personal narrative for your college essay. 2. Pay Attention to Professional Conversations Take note of how professionals who have already established a place for themselves in the workplace act when talking to other professionals. Pay attention to their mannerisms, the language they use, the amount of eye contact they make, and how they address the other person. What interpersonal skills do people in this field seem to cultivate? How do they relate to your own gifts? Will you have to push yourself out of your comfort zone to succeed or are you a perfect fit? Allowing your internship to be a springboard for this kind of self reflection will give you a personal angle for your application essay, not to mention a clearer sense of what you might want to be when you grow up. 3. Write Down (and ask) Questions As you start to delve into assigned tasks and get into the groove of your internship, you’ll probably have a lot of questions. Write them down. No question is a stupid question! Decide who will best answer your question, then ask it. Once you have the answer, write that down too! Not only will you gain information this way, but you may also form meaningful connections with colleagues who will begin to support and trust you as you gain more competence and comfort with their profession. Keeping track of questions and their answers will also serve as a good record of your learning over the course of your internship. 4. Get Contact Information You mean to say your coworker is a Brown University Alum and that just so happens to be your top choice school? Get their contact information! Write it down! Ask this person questions about Brown. Write that down too! Even if this person isn’t an alum of your top school, you still can gain valuable insight from anyone in the professional world. You’ll know what kinds of programs can help you on your journey to your ideal career, and also what kinds of people and values those programs cultivate. With all of this personal information in hand, you will be able to tailor any personal statement you want to showcase your most relevant qualities and experiences. Though it may not seem like the most glamorous summer, having an internship is a privilege and it’s your opportunity to get your feet wet in the sea of professionalism. So, make observations, ask questions, and take notes. Good luck and we really hope you don’t end up being one of those interns that just make coffee! About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Need help writing your essay? Give College Essay Academy a Try. WATCH CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

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With The Rapid Growth Of World Population, The Limited

With the rapid growth of world population, the limited supply of the non-renewable energy demand is increasing, especially in the developing countries. This situation causes the risk of depletion of cheap fossil energy sources, as well as environmental pollution and climate change. Therefore, the researchers worldwide have been tried continually to find solutions for the diversification of energy sources, reduce harmful emissions and emissions of greenhouse into the environment, and the renewable energy have been the centre of attention. The renewable energy is that energy which is collected from the renewable energy sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. This energy can be used again and again and it will†¦show more content†¦In contrast, renewable energy does not create greenhouse gases and has little or no waste products such as carbon dioxide or other chemical contaminants. Renewable energy resources produce very less carbon dioxide inste ad of carbon intensity of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas while being only a small amount of fuel during manufacture of equipment, Walser (2012). Without creating any contaminants, we can convert energy from one form to another with the help of renewable energy resources. Chandler (2006) takes solar energy as an example, light energy from the sun can be easily converted into electricity using solar panels without causing any contaminated gases like carbon monoxide or other greenhouse gases. Similarly, wind energy can also be converted into electricity without causing any pollution. Wind turbines are very safe, so this is obviously a great advantage of causing renewable energy for environment as it has minimal impacts on environment and is also pollution free. Apart from that, a diversified energy mix is another important benefit of the renewable energy resources, Pasolini (2012). It is an important and necessary addition to the security of global energy, while fossil fuels are increasingly depleted. In some cases, the renewable energy may be more reliable than other forms of electricity. For illustration, the renewable energy technologies such as generator powered by photovoltaic cell canShow MoreRelatedGlobal Environmental Issues Of The World1540 Words   |  7 Pagesthat becomes more intense as the world s population—and our use of natural resources—keeps booming(1). It should be noted that there are 7 continents (Asia, Africa, South America, North America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica) and 196 countries without including sub-nations and islands in the world. This is not shocking to people as the world dynamics cannot be completely studied as population trends change from time to time due periodic occurrences. Populat ion debates like this are why, in 2011Read MoreGlobal Environmental Issues Of The World1605 Words   |  7 Pagesbecomes more intense as the world s population—and our use of natural resources—keeps booming(1). It should be noted that there are 7 continents (Asia, Africa, South America, North America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica) and 196 countries without including sub-nations and unoccupied islands in the world. This is not shocking to people as the world dynamics cannot be completely studied as population trends change from time to time due periodic occurrences. Population debates like this are why,Read MoreOverpopulation Is A Catastrophe?841 Words   |  4 Pagesresult, most countries of the world have experienced enormous changes in the people number. These changes have boomed considerably and have converted to overpopulation. Currently, the global population is 7 billion, and the increase rate is 1.3% annually that means by the end of the twenty-first centu ry the population will reach twelve billion (Keenan, 2013). Therefore, there is a huge debate going on right now regarding overpopulation. For some people, explosion in population has no detrimental impactsRead MoreThe Effects Of Low Food Production On Africa925 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed. Firstly, rapid growth of population in Africa is responsible for degradation and soil erosion, decline of the land’s ability to recovery, and retain productivity. The unpredictable droughts or floods also introduce high levels of risk into farming, particularly in food production (Mortimore. M. 2005). In addition, limited smallholder agriculture and agricultural investment are also the main concerns that are causing the low food production in Africa. Other concerns including limited agriculturalRead MoreThe Development Of The World Population1528 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, the development of the world population directly depends on the mode of social production, especially the leve l of development of productive forces. In the history, mankind got the tremendous progress in productivity often with the population rapid develop. In the primitive society, the primitive society s population birth rate and the mortality rate all maintained at about 50% because of the objective law and the social production mode. The number of the population maintain in a state of highRead MoreOverpopulation can be described as the failure of the world’s resources to sustain the population.1600 Words   |  7 Pagessustain the population. The limited natural resources have increased challenges for countries facing this. This paper covers the effects of overpopulation in the world today. 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Some ofRead MoreThe Rise Of The Standard Of Living1738 Words à ‚  |  7 PagesThe various nations worldwide are involved in the constant quest to improve their economic growth that in turn would pave a way for the increase in the standard of living. This is especially true for under-developed and developing economies that have immense growth potential and need to exploit their available resources through prudent policy measures and structural reforms to improve the standard of living of the people. However, this increase in the standard of living leads to increased consumptionRead MoreOverpopulation And Its Effects On The Environment1428 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem. This past year world population exceeded 7.3 billion and continues to grow at an alarming rate. By the year 2050 it is projected that world population will exceed over nine billion. Overpopulation puts a serious strain on the world and its resources and is a root cause of many environmental issues. Issues such as, climate change, diminishing biodiversity, and pollution, are all ju st some of the problems caused by overpopulation. In order to control the rapid population growth it is imperative thatRead MoreProbably The Greatest Ecological Problem Of Our Time Is1051 Words   |  5 Pagesproblem of our time is the rapid growth of the human population. During most of the time humans have lived on Earth, its population has grown fairly steadily and slowly. For example, between the years 10 000 and 500 a. the global population passed from 5 million to 100 million. By the year 13000 of our era it reached 500 million, and by the beginning of the nineteenth century it had doubled to 1000 million. Since then there has been a real explosion of the human population, reaching more than 5000

The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Personal...

Executive Summary This report evaluates the roles of the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) for increasing the level of managerial effectiveness of the employees based on ASDA. Application of the CSR practices can create several opportunities for retaining the best employees at the workplace. It can set up the standards of the employees by considering the flexibility at the workplace. It considers equality and diversity at the workplace and measures valid performance measurement scale. CSR applications can protect the rights of the employees and motivates the organisations for not taking part into any illegal business operations. ASDA has taken consideration of the CSR applications by developing a family oriented organisational culture†¦show more content†¦For example, environmental standard agency at the UK may impose penalties if any company failed to meet the requirements made by the government. (Fig-1: Carroll’s CSR pyramid, adapted from, CSR Quest, 2014) According to the Carroll’s CSR pyramid, there are four responsibilities of implementing the CSR practices at the organisation such as:- a) Economic: Economic responsibilities are the important aspects of implementing the CSR practices such as it considers higher level of return from the investors and considers fair wages, application of the new technology which can increase the level of economic return for the organisation. It is the foundation of the business growth and depending on these factors the other factors (CSR Quest, 2014). b) Legal: Legal factors consider the laws and regulations that can develop the acceptable and unacceptable behaviour of the people at the organisation. It can set up the standard for the employees and employees need to follow those legal regulations effectively (Jamali and Mirshak, 2007). c) Ethical: Ethical factors will go ahead with the legal factors which considers about behaving in a fair and right manner. It can increase the mortality of the employees at the workplace and tells about what is right and wrong for the organisation. d) Philanthropic or Discretionary: At the pick point of the CSR pyramid the philanthropic or discretionary responsibilities will take place. It will consider the philanthropic actsShow MoreRelatedResistance As A Social Agent1587 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurring as a threat to them (Hultman, 1998). The resistance changes when a large force is applied to the surprising amount to resist change for some trend. There are two forms: individual and systemic change resistance. Individual change resistance is a social agent like an individual, organisation, and corporation etc, to support or adopt new behaviour. 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International Chemical Trade Personal Health Budgets

Questions: Tasks:Read widely and investigate further the facts in the article above and answer the following questions:1. Explain the importance of international trade to an open economy such as the UK (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 1.1)2. a) Define Comparative Advantage, Absolute advantage and Terms of Trade Exchange Rateb) Assess the significance of comparative advantage, absolute advantage, the terms of trade and exchange rates to the UK economy (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 1.2) 3. Assuming that the balance of payment of an imaginary country comprises the following main items (all figures in millions of ): exports of goods 0; imports of goods 500; government (invisibles) -150; other invisibles +200; investment and other capital flows -45. Describe the structure of the balance of payments and calculate the:a. Visible trade balance, b. Current balance and c. Balance for official financing. (The above provides evidence for assessment criteria 1.3)4. What is Surplus and Deficit in an economy?a. Explain the terms surplus and deficitb. Explain the significance of long-term deficits to open economies(This provides evidence for assessment criteria 1.4)Task 2aProductivity growth has increased in Central and Eastern European countries relative to Western European countries. This has implications for the real exchange rate. Lets look at the Czech Republic versus France (suppose they are the only two European countries). For your task you are required to explain the role played by exchange rates in European business.(This provides evidence for assessment criteria 2.1)Task 2bThe Euro is a single currency arrangement that came into theoretical operation between 11 members of the European Union in January 1999. On January 1st 2002, 12 EU members got rid of their own currencies and introduced the Euro as their sole currency. A single currency means that there are no longer separate national monetary policies, and instead a new central bank has been set up The European Central Bank that conducts a Europe wide monetary policy, in particular the setting of interest rates. That means a loss of separate national monetary policies interest rates and exchange rates. Should Germany want to introduce an economic policy to fight back against unemployment, it cannot do so as this can only come from the European Central Bank.For your task you are required to analyse the advantages attributed to the adoption of a single European currency. (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 2.2)Task 2cExplain the difference between free trade and protectionism and the role played by tariffs, quotas and deregulation within the EU. (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 2.3)Task 2dOne of the founding principles of the European Union is the freedom of movement of workers (Article 39 of the Treaty establishing the European Community). The free movement of workers is essential for the creation of an area without internal frontiers, and for the strengthening of economic and social cohesion as well as active European citizenship in creating wealth for the economic development. Despite these obvious returns geographic and occupational mobility rates are still relatively low in the European Union, both within and between countries. For instance, on average between 2000 and 2005, workers mobility within EU Member States (regional mobility) amounted to only one per cent each year. This is much lower than mobility rates across Australian territories and US states, which exceed two and three per cent, respectively (Adapted from European Commission, 2007). For your task you are required to evaluate the importance of geographic and occupational mobility in wealth creation for EU member countries.Task 3aThe Communities Act 1972, which gives legitimacy to the UKs membership of the EU is under threat. Mr Cameron, the UK Prime Minister, has promised a referendum by 2017 to allow the British people decide whether or not the UK s hould remain in the EU. If the majority vote is for the UK to pull out of the EU, it means that the Communities Act will be repealed and the UK will no longer be a member of the EU. One of the overarching arguments behind the referendum is that the UK seem to have relinquished too much powers to the EU, through the main EU institutions. Read widely and investigate further the facts above and answer the following question:1)A. dvise the UK government on what role the main EU institutions play in the determination and legitimising of EU policy; and briefly discuss whether there is any veracity to the argument that the UK has relinquished too much powers to these institutions. Task 3bA fictitious directive 267/14 was issued by the EU to all member states on 1 October 2014. It prohibits the export of fire arms out of the EU. The UK government has come to you for advice as they are concerned that if they implement this directive, they will be in breach of their contract with a non-EU cou ntry to whom they supply fire arms. The contract is due for renewal on 1 October 2015.Consider the scenario above and answer the following questions2) Advise the UK government on the function of EU directives and whether or not you think they will be in breach as described above. Further, should the UK decide to ignore the directive, what consequences, if at all, do you think may follow. (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 3.2) 2) What are the main EU funding streams? Evaluate their structure and purpose. (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 3.3) Task 4 France and Italy pressed for an easing of budget restrictions to stimulate growth and cut unemployment in Europe, but won no concession from the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who insisted that countries had to move faster on reforms. The difference over budgetary policy overshadowed the Milan meeting of EU leaders on how to create jobs, as the multi-year budget plans of both France and Italy seemed likely to be rejected by the European Commission because of their fiscal backsliding.While government leaders and EU officials agreed on the need to tackle record youth unemployment, which has exceeded 40 per cent in several Eurozone countries, they seemed no closer on the policy prescriptions.Responding to a prior call by Hollande for Germany to exploit its trade surplus and balanced budget to adopt more expansionary policies, Angela Merkel said her country had already taken steps to boost domestic demand by 15bn Euros" (City AM 10 Oct.2014) Tasks1) Produce a profile of the EU as a trading bloc and discuss its importance to member states. (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 4.1)2) Evaluate the significance of:a) Linguistics, b) Cultural, c) Logistical and d) Environmental barriers to EU operations; and e) Briefly, explain how these factors may influence as barriers to the national budgets of the member states.(This provides evidence for assessment criteria 4.2)3) Carry out an au dit of possible EU funding streams that may be available and relevant directives to support companies in France or Italy during their financial situation in the case study. (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 4.3)4) Produce an action plan which lists the actions necessary for Wonga to begin an investment venture in EU. (This provides evidence for assessment criteria 4.4) Answers: Task 1 1. Importance of the international trade Importance of the international trade in an open market: Exchange of goods in the international markets helps the countries to improve themselves. In the present situation, the economic barriers are broken by the international companies act(Deardorff and Stern, 2011). Key importance of the international open market is: International trade helps the economy to reduce the poverty margins. Not only it reduces the poverty margins but it helps in the development of the private industries. The international trade allows reducing the cost of production. This also allows the developing countries to collect the finance by accepting the investment from foreign. In the open trade the foreign companies can introduce their products in a new market. International trade allows the local companies to have a boost in their profit margins. As mentioned earlier the international trade allows in the development of the local sector. The introduction of the new companies in the locality will generate employment. Through the open market an economy can earn foreign money also(Balance of payments and the relationship to national accounts, 2011). These are the main importance of the international trade. In this manner UK can get foreign money also 2. Assess the significance of comparativeadvantage, absolute advantage, the terms of trade and exchange rates Comparative advantage Comparative advantage is applicable if a company is able to produce the product in cheap than other companies in the market. In an open market the price of a commodity is fixed. Hence if a company can reduce the cost of production, the company can get more profit by selling the same number of production. This is only possible in the open market as the market is full of competition(Hoholm, 2015). Absolute advantage: If a company can give their best in producing a product then the company can get absolute advantage. The company should make their marketing strategies best, they have to make the best quality products and the promotional strategies should be the best one. In this way the company can make sure that they can get the absolute advantage in the market(Chinthapalli, 2012). Terms of trade and exchange rates to the UK economy UK economy has their active participation in the international trade and this allows open market also. The products which are included in the open international trade arevegetable oil and the software. The vegetable oils like the palm oils, Dekel oils etc. are the main marine products. These products are shipped in the market of Africa and south-east Asia. Demand of palm oil in European economy has been increased by huge margins. At that time New Britain managed to increase their market share by huge margins. Market share of the palm oil in New Britain increased from 288.5p to 675p. Dakeloil boosted their share margins also. This is palm oil producer managed to increase their market share from 0.1p to 1.47p. The market demand in US and in the Asian market also helped to add huge margins in the share market and that too within an overnight. This market demand of the palm oil added 46.15 points upward in the share market(Coutts and Rowthorn, 2013). Not only have the products, some companies also taken a vital role in the boost of the market share in UK economy. the companies which took the crucial role in this process are, Fresnillo, Randgold, Antofagasta, PolymetaGold rose, Egyptian gold producer Centamin etc. all of them added few points which pushed the economy upwards(Chinthapalli, 2012). C. Structure of the balance of payments The visible trade balance Export goods 400 Import goods 500 Government 150 Investment and other flow 45 Other invisible 200 The calculation of visible trade balance = The Export Goods = 400*12.38% = 49.52 Import goods = 500*9.38% = 46.90 Government = 150*12.38% = 18.57 Therefore, the visible trade balance = $114.99 The Current Balance = ($150.00 $114.99) = $35.01 the balance amount is = ($114.99 - $35.01) = $79.98 4. a. Trade surplus and deficit Trade surplus In the language of economics, trade surplus occurs if the economy exports more than their import. This means they dont have to depend too much in the imported goods. The economy has a positive balance in their trade. Surplus balance in an economy is good for the economy. This implies that an amount of inflow of the foreign currency in the domestic market(Kameda, 2014). Trade deficit Generally this term is used at the time of calculating the cash flows. This term suggests that, the outflow of cash is more than cash inflow. Actually this is the opposite side of the trade surplus. Deficit suggests an amount of outflow of the domestic currency in the international market. This is not good for an economy. In this manner value of the domestic currency will decrease in respect to the foreign currencies(Floyd, 2010). b. Significance of long-term deficits to open economies The relationship between the long term deficit and openness of the economy is positive. There should be some key elements in the relationship, like government expenditure. Long term deficit implies that the economy is importing too much. In simple language the economy is trying to invest the foreign techniques in their domestic economy. This will help the domestic economy for the future profit. The deficit in trade implies that the economy is not exporting too much but they are fetching foreign products for the betterment of their economy in future(ChemViews, 2014). Task 2 2.a Role played by exchange rates Exchange rate is a relationship between two economies. With the help of the relationship the value of import and export are determined. This is a trade relationship which determines the value of money in respect to another. Here if Czech Republic versus France wants to make a trade relationship between them, then they have to determine the exchange rates. Economic conditions of the two countries are not same. Hence, if they are going to exchange their products, they have to pay according to the exchange rates(Greenaway, Kneller and Zhang, 2010). Role of exchange rates: Inflation: The exchange rates can cause of inflation in an economy. If the exchange rate goes beyond the range of the economy then the economy can face inflation and which is not a good thing.On the other hand if the exchange rated stay under control, the economy doesnthave to pay more and there will be no chance of inflation in that economy. In case of Czech Republic versus France, which of these two has the better and developed economy will enjoy the benefit of exchange rates and the other one will face inflation(Kameda, 2014). Interest rates: Interest rates and inflation are highly interrelated with each other. Hence at the time of inflation the interest rates surely go beyond the reach of the common people. On the other hand if inflation rate stay under control then the public in general dont have to pay extra amount of money as interest. By influencing the inflation rate exchange rate controls the interest rates also. This is another role of the exchange rates(Klein and Shambaugh, 2004). Trade deficit and surplus: Exchange rate also helps an economy to make trade surplus or leads an economy to the trade deficit. As mentioned before in case of high exchange rate, the have to pay extra in terms of money. In this process the money is drained and trade deficit noticed. Hence the exchange rate plays a crucial role in the trade deficits and surplus(Maurel and Schnabl, 2011). Public debt If an economy faces long term deficits then the relevant Government has to print extranotes to pay off the deficits. But this is not a permanent solution. In this manner the price of the products will increase and the economy will face inflation surely. Hence this is clear that the exchange rate plays a vital role in the issuing more money(May and Nesaretnam, 2014). 2.b Advantages attributed to the adoption of a single European currency Euro is the second largest reserve currency in the globe. Euro notes and coins came into flow on January 1st 2002. It was expected that the euro will present too much benefit to their members. Transaction cost: If all of the European countries use the same currency then they dont have to follow the exchange rates. In this manner the international open market will be treated as the domestic market in terms of the exchange of money. A result of a survey said the benefit of the Euro is equal to 1% of the total GDP of that relevant economy(Kumhof and Laxton, 2009). Price transparency: As mentioned earlier if the economies are using the same currency then they dint have to pay the extra as per the exchange rate. As they are using the same then the price of the products will also remain same. Hence the price transparency will be there(Melitz, 2009). Inflation performance: As per ECB the interest rates are low and for this particular reason the inflation of the economy is also under control. Inward investment: as the transaction cost is very low, the economy allows the inward investment also. 2.c Difference between open and protective market In case of the free trade policy the barriers are missing. In this section the openness of the market is followed. In case of the protective market, there are so many protections and the companies have to maintain all of them. In case of the open market all of the barriers are missing. Exchange of the goods, services and the culture are also transferred in this market. In the protective market, the companies have to pay extra tax to the government and in case of the open market the companies dont have to pay extra tax(Rupilius and Ahmad, 2007). 2.d Importance of geographic and occupational mobility Geographic According to the point of view of a policy maker the geographic mobility helps an economy a lot in the improvement of the total economy. With the help of the geographical mobility the economy can engage their skilled labor anywhere in their country. Mainly three types of advantage can be derived from geographic matter(Rupilius and Ahmad, 2007). They are: Increase labor supply: By engaging more workers in the economy, the production can be increased. Productivity increased: Geographic mobility helps the economy to engage more skilled labors. This also helps to increase the production level(Miller, 2002). Occupational Occupational mobility is also very important factor for the production department of the economy. Occupational mobility means transfer from one work to another. This will surely help the economy in increment of the production level. Increase the supply of labor: With the help of this mobility, the labor crisis can be neglected. in case if the new companies, they can use these labors from another industries(Rupilius and Ahmad, 2007). Low wage rate: As the supply of the labors increases than the supply, the cost of the labor falls. Task 3 1. Role of the main EU institutions in determining and legitimizing policy Firstly, the goal of the policy makers and other institutions was to make a connection between the trade and legitimacy(Langdana, 2009). The role of the policy makers and the institutions was to make sure that the economy can feel the result of the achievement. The policy makers decided that they will connect the trade and the legitimacy in terms of empirical and theoretical link. The role of the institutions was to create the link between these two. Secondly, the policy makers were bound to make transparent policies to make sure that all of the departments are free of corruption. In case of the anti-corruption department the policy makers and the EU institution played a vital role(Snehota, 2015) Lastly, the policy makers and main EU institutions played a crucial role in the openness and the accountability of the policies. 2. Role played by EU directives In order to describe the role of EU directives it is perhaps best to first look at EU regulations(STORCK, 2001). The key roles of the EU directives are to implement the working time regulations. In this manner the directives can assure that the private organizations are not forcing their workers to work more. The directives played a crucial role in case of the in implementation of the Equal pay per act 1970. In this cast the directives aimed at the benefit of workers. They played their adequate role in this section also. The directives are ordered to pass required legislations as per the law. They should play their role according to the law. Making the decision is also a crucial role which the directives should follow(Waluszewski and Snehota, 2015). 3. Structures and the purpose of the main EU funding stream Purpose Mainly three purposes are there which the organization is following. The purposes of the main EU funding streams are: Convergence objective: in this section the main streams of the organization aims at those areas in which per capita income is less than 75% of the total GDP. The goal of this section is to enrich those areas with human and physical capital, innovation and knowledge. By improving these sectors the economic growth can be noticed in those places(Oatley, 2010). Regional competitiveness: In this section the institution aims at the healthy competition of the companies. Here the main goal of the institution is to provide such environment where the companies can face a healthy competition. In this manner the production of the companies will increase surely(Zhang, 2000). Structure EU is such an organization which deals with the overall development of the economy. this is nor possible for the organization they can handle all of there work all by themselves. Here the organization made some fragments. These departments helps the organization to cover all of there targets. To achieve the goal, EU needs funds also and the organization helps them to collect the fund. The structure or the main body of the organization is divided into these departments and the departments are: European Regional Development Fund, European Social Fund(ESF), Cohesion Fund (CF), European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and European Maritime Fisheries Fund (EMFF). With the help of the main elements makes the organization a successful one(Sulikov, Sinickov and Horvth, 2014). Task 4 1 EU as a trading bloc Main goal of the EU is to connect the people closer together with the help of technology. This also helps to make a conclusion of the political issues. The institution follows some basic regional economic integration. The levels are: In the first section EU allows the countries to remove the industrial barrier. This EU adds some extra burdens to the non-members. In the third stage the mobility of the resources and the productions are taken in the account. In the last stage some basic economic policies and the political integration is followed(Tomlinson, 2006). The institution was started their work after the World War II. After the destructive result of the war the organization felt the need of the purposes and they began to work. The organization is working hard to achieve their goal and they are doing this smoothly(Tomlinson, 2006). 2. The significance of linguistic, cultural, logistical and environmental barriers to EU operations After the addition of the new states in EU, the power of the EU increased. As the power of the institution increases they spread their area of work. They selected so many applications for the betterment of the economy. To improve the international trade EU removed the barriers of trade also. To open the market they started too many policies also. This was done in order to set up a local operation freely. Exchange of the culture was another issue. Linguistic diversity is another issue to EU. In the current scenario this is one of the biggest social issues. At present almost all of the communities want to stay in the front of the line. Hence to make sure that the communities are not getting into any conflict the institution has to take the responsibility(Welfens, 2002). 3. An audit of possible EU funding stream Internal audit helps the companies to support the budget in order to make sure that the companies can achieve their goal. Hence the internal audit is important to the companies. EU should maintain the internal audit also. EU has so many sources of finance. They have to take the funds to achieve all of their goals. This institution also deals with lot of money. Hence the audit is mandatory in this company. The process of carrying out the internal audit has discussed below: Internal audit helps the management to reach at the goal of the company. Hence in the first step the auditor determines that if the goal of the organisation has been achieved or not. After that the auditor collects the key evidence and then the complete the testing of the transparency of the evidences. After collecting the evidences the auditor precedes his work and discusses his finding with the managers to make sure that the statements are clear or not. In the next step the auditor prepares a draft report and he consult the report with the management and discuss the report with the head of the internal audit. After all of the valid discussions the auditor produces the report. The auditor is liable to all of the mistakes in the financial report. Hence he should make the audit properly (Zhang and Sato, 2012). Tesco is a retail giant and the goal of the supermarket is to provide the best quality to their customers in reasonable price. Take care of the taste of the customers and provide goods and services according to their need. The managers want to give the best after sale service to their customers in order to make them the permanent customers and to attract new customers. The managements want to develop the managerial level of the company also. The management of the retail giant wants to make a strong bond with the suppliers to fulfil the demand of the customers. These are the objective of the supermarket. Vision of Tesco Vision of Tesco is consisted with five elements. The elements are: They want to spread them in all around the world. To make the business a growing one and full of opportunities To use new techniques and technologies in their business. To engage all of the resources of the business in proper places To attract the customers and investors also Mission of Tesco The aim of Tesco is to make better relationship with the customers. The mission of this retail giant is to provide the vest quality to their customers. Make a strong relationship with the supplier in order to supply the customers whenever needed. The managers of the Tesco wants to know about the taste of the customers to serve them according to their will. These are some mission of the company. The main mission of the company is to beat all of their rivals in the market nd to get the top most position in the retail market. 4.Action plan of starting a venture Starting a venture is not that difficult. The venture is a small business and the lifespan of the business is also very small. To start a venture the owner should make the research about the taste of the locality. To know the taste of the locality he can run a survey. Then to carry out the business the proprietor has to arrange the adequate capital. Collecting the fund is an important task to do. He can take the loan or he can bring the personal savings also. Selecting a place is an important factor. The proprietor has to select a place where he can stay in the focus of the market. These are the preliminary steps of starting a venture. As there is no advertisement cost in the venture, the owner has to take such plan in which he can attract more people. The quality of the products should be good. Conclusion EU is such an organisation who deals with different types of financial difficulties and the main aim of the institution is to bring a hike in the profit level of the local industries. Just after World War II, this institution started their journey. This organisation opened the barrier of economy. In this manner the market of the products increased. This also helped the industries in engaging the skilled labours in proper places. For the benefit of the member of this organisation EU instructed to use euro. This was a revolutionary decision taken by this organisation. This policy avoided the risk of exchange rates. 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